A root canal is a way in which teeth can be saved instead of extracted if the inside of the tooth, the pulp, is damaged. It is officially called endodontic therapy in dental terminology. It involves the removal of the pulp (inside tissue) of the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. It is shaped, sterilized and then sealed. Though there will be no feeling of pain in the tooth after the removal of the pulp, the tooth can function just like a regular, healthy tooth. It is usually recommended that a permanent restoration or crown be placed on it to reinforce or strengthen it for long term use.
The success rate is quoted between 88% to 97 % but my overall opinion is it is consistently greater than 95%. Why is it not 100%? There could be additional small canals within the root structure of the tooth that may not be found or there could be a hairline fracture within the tooth somewhere that cannot be seen.
Usually, the process is painless due to the use of local anesthetics, and it involves single or multiple visits, depending on the tooth and situation. After it is completed, a temporary filling is usually placed until the permanent restoration can be placed.
How uncomfortable is it? Usually less than an extraction and more like a routine cavity removal and filling though the process takes more time. The tooth is completely numbed prior to any treatment so the patient is comfortable except for having to keep one’s mouth open for a longer period of time.
What materials are used? Usually, the canals are cleaned and shaped with specialized files and the use of a sterilizing solution. After the canals are shaped and cleaned a sealing material called gutta percha, which is an inert rubber like material, is placed in to seal up the canals and prevent further infections.
Years ago, it might have taken many visits or hours in the chair to do certain root canals. It is much more efficient today due to the use of our computerized electronic filing technology.
(The information contained in this article is strictly for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the professional knowledge or advice of your personal dentist.)